1. | Mechanism of Speech Sound Production Articulatory Organs and Classification of Speech Sounds |
2. | Varieties of English Pronunciation American: General American (GA) British: Received Pronunciation (RP) |
3. | Vowel Classification Cardinal Vowels English Vowels I Checked vs. Free Vowels Strong vs. Weak Vowels |
4. | English Vowels II Front Vowels Back Vowels Central Vowels |
5. | English Vowels III Diphthongs Triphthongs Rhotic Vowels (R-colored Vowels) |
6. | English Vowels IV Weak Vowels Relationship between Stress and Vowel Quality Comparison with Japanese Vowels |
7. | Consonant Classification English Consonants I Stops Fricatives Affricates |
8. | English Consonants II Nasals Approximants: Liquids (rhotic, lateral), Semi-vowels |
9. | Syllable Structure Consonant Clusters Syllabic Consonants Comparison with Japanese Syllable Structure |
10. | Stress Word Stress and Vowel Reduction Compound Word Stress Weak vs. Strong Forms Comparison with Japanese Accent |
11. | Rhythm Stress-timed Rhythm; Rhythm of Alternation Stress Shift Comparison with Japanese Rhythm |
12. | Intonation I Tone Units & Tonic Accent |
13. | Intonation II Intonation Patterns |
14. | Sound Phenomena Occurring in Natural Speech I Sound Reduction Sound Deletion |
15. | Sound Phenomena Occurring in Natural Speech II Coarticulation: Assimilation Dissimilation |