1. | Learning Styles & Personalities left brain vs. right brain extroversion vs. introversion tolerance of ambiguity |
2. | Setting Goals & Planning One's Language Study long-term vs. short-term objectives different objectives for different skills proficiency levels based on the ACTFL |
3. | Motivation intrinsic motivation vs. extrinsic motivation integrative motivation vs. instrumental motivation attitudes |
4. | Self-confidence, Anxiety, Inhibition how to build the learner's self-confidence how to lower the learner's anxiety |
5. | Risk-taking how to encourage the learner's risk-taking |
6. | Comprehensible Input how to increase the amount of input how to improve the quality of input |
7. | Interaction: Negotiation of meaning how to increase the amount of meaningful interaction |
8. | Form-focused Instruction and Corrective Feedback consciousness raising the influence of the learner's native language |
9. | The Language-Culture Connection the relationship between language and culture: linguistic relativity How to raise the learner's cross-cultural awareness |
10. | Learning Strategies characteristics of good language learners |
11. | How to Improve Listening Skills |
12. | How to Improve Speaking Skills How to Improve Pronunciation |
13. | How to Improve Reading Skills |
14. | How to Improve Writing Skills |
15. | How to Increase Vocabulary How to Improve Grammar |